Criteria met for a personality disorder (enduring pattern of inner experience/behaviour deviating markedly from cultural expectations; pervasive; inflexible; stable; leading to distress/impairment)
Persistent personality disturbance representing a change from the individual's previous characteristic personality pattern
Pervasive pattern of disregard for/violation of rights of others since age 15: ≥3 of 7: failure to conform to lawful behaviours; deceitfulness; impulsivity; irritability/aggressiveness; reckless disregard for safety; consistent irresponsibility; lack of remorse
Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood; ≥4 of 7: avoids occupational activities involving interpersonal contact due to fears of criticism; unwilling to get involved unless certain of being liked; shows restraint in intimate relationships due to fear of shame; preoccupied with being criticised/rejected; inhibited in new interpersonal situations; views self as socially inept/unappealing/inferior; unusually reluctant to take risks or engage in new activities
Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect, with marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 9: frantic efforts to avoid abandonment; unstable intense relationships; identity disturbance; impulsivity in ≥2 damaging areas; suicidal/self-mutilating behaviour; affective instability; chronic emptiness; inappropriate intense anger; transient stress-related paranoia/dissociation
Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behaviour and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 8: difficulty making everyday decisions without advice/reassurance; needs others to assume responsibility for major areas of life; difficulty expressing disagreement out of fear; difficulty initiating projects alone; goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance/support; feels uncomfortable/helpless when alone; urgently seeks a replacement relationship when one ends; preoccupied with fears of being left to care for self
Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 8: uncomfortable when not the centre of attention; inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behaviour; rapidly shifting shallow emotions; uses physical appearance to draw attention; impressionistic/lacking-in-detail speech; theatrical/exaggerated emotional expression; suggestible; considers relationships more intimate than they are
Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 9: grandiose sense of self-importance; preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success/power/brilliance/beauty/love; believes he/she is special; requires excessive admiration; sense of entitlement; interpersonally exploitative; lacks empathy; envious of others or believes others are envious; arrogant
Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental/interpersonal control (at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency), beginning by early adulthood; ≥4 of 8: preoccupation with details/rules/order; perfectionism interfering with task completion; excessively devoted to work; overconscientious about morality/ethics; unable to discard worthless objects; reluctant to delegate; miserly; rigidity/stubbornness
Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood; ≥4 of 7: suspects exploitation/harm/deception; preoccupied with unjustified doubts about loyalty; reluctant to confide; reads hidden threatening meanings; bears grudges; perceives attacks on character not apparent to others; recurrent suspicions about fidelity of partner
Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression, beginning by early adulthood; ≥4 of 7: neither desires nor enjoys close relationships; almost always chooses solitary activities; little/no interest in sexual experiences; few/no pleasurable activities; lacks close friends; appears indifferent to praise/criticism; shows emotional coldness/detachment/flat affect
Pervasive pattern of social/interpersonal deficits with acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive/perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behaviour, beginning by early adulthood; ≥5 of 9: ideas of reference; odd beliefs/magical thinking; unusual perceptual experiences; odd thinking/speech; suspiciousness/paranoid ideation; inappropriate/constricted affect; odd/eccentric behaviour/appearance; lacks close friends; excessive social anxiety
Emotional or behavioural symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor, within 3 months of stressor onset
Repetitive/persistent pattern of behaviour violating rights of others or major societal norms; ≥3 of 15 criteria in past 12 months (≥1 in past 6): aggression to people/animals; destruction of property; deceitfulness/theft; serious rule violations
Disruption of identity characterised by ≥2 distinct personality states/possession experiences with marked discontinuity in sense of self and agency, accompanied by alterations in affect, behaviour, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning
Disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech inappropriate for age and language skills; ≥1 of: sound/syllable repetitions; sound prolongations; broken words; audible/silent blocking; circumlocutions; words produced with excess physical tension; monosyllabic whole-word repetitions
Hypomanic episode threshold has been met.
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from either the use of non-living objects or a highly specific focus on non-genital body part(s), as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
Persistent difficulties in acquisition and use of language across modalities (spoken, written, sign, or other) due to deficits in comprehension or production, including reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse
Persistent or recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring during partnered sexual activity within ≈1 minute of vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it, on ≥75–100% of occasions
Difficulties learning and using academic skills despite intervention; ≥1 of 6 symptoms for ≥6 months: inaccurate/slow word reading; difficulty decoding; poor spelling; difficulties with written expression; poor number sense; mathematical reasoning difficulties
Criteria met for major or mild NCD (substantial or modest cognitive decline in ≥1 domain)
Restriction of energy intake → significantly low body weight for age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health
≥1 full manic episode (abnormally elevated/expansive/irritable mood + ↑energy, ≥7 days or any duration if hospitalised)
≥2 years (≥1 yr children/adolescents) of hypomanic AND depressive symptoms not meeting full episode criteria
Either of: marked delay in ejaculation; marked infrequency or absence of ejaculation, on almost all occasions of partnered sexual activity (≥75–100%), without desire for delay
≥1 month of ≥1 delusion(s)
≥1 of 3 symptoms on almost all occasions (≥75–100%) of sexual activity: marked difficulty attaining an erection; marked difficulty maintaining an erection until completion of sexual activity; marked decrease in erectile rigidity
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the exposure of one's genitals to an unsuspecting person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
≥1 of: marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of orgasm; markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations — on almost all occasions (≥75–100%) of sexual activity
Absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal; ≥3 of: absent/reduced interest in sexual activity; absent/reduced sexual/erotic thoughts or fantasies; no/reduced initiation of sexual activity and unreceptive to partner's attempts; absent/reduced sexual excitement/pleasure during sexual activity in ≥75–100% encounters; absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal in response to any internal/external erotic cues; absent/reduced genital or non-genital sensations during sexual activity in ≥75–100% encounters
Over ≥6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
≥1 symptom of altered voluntary motor or sensory function
Marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, ≥6 months; in adolescents/adults: ≥2 of: incongruence between experienced gender and primary/secondary sex characteristics; strong desire to be rid of primary/secondary sex characteristics; strong desire for sex characteristics of experienced gender; strong desire to be of experienced gender; strong desire to be treated as experienced gender; strong conviction of having typical feelings/reactions of experienced gender
Substantial cognitive decline in ≥1 domain (complex attention, executive function, learning/memory, language, perceptual-motor, social cognition) based on concern + objective evidence
Abnormal and prolonged contraction of muscles of eyes, face, neck, limbs, or trunk developing in association with medication use
Parkinsonian tremor, muscular rigidity, or akinesia developing in association with medication use (most commonly neuroleptic/antipsychotic or dopamine-depleting agent)
Modest cognitive decline in ≥1 domain (concern of individual, knowledgeable informant, or clinician; supported by objective performance evidence)
Recurrent periods of irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping within same day, for ≥3 months; ≥1 of: cataplexy (brief episodes of bilateral muscle tone loss) ≥few times/month; hypocretin deficiency (CSF hypocretin-1 ≤110 pg/mL); REM sleep latency ≤15 min on MSLT (or mean sleep latency ≤8 min with ≥2 sleep-onset REM periods)
Symptoms characteristic of a feeding/eating disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Symptoms characteristic of a trauma/stressor-related disorder causing clinically significant distress/impairment
Depressed mood most of the day, more days than not, for ≥2 years (≥1 yr children/adolescents)
Death of someone close to the bereaved person ≥12 months ago (≥6 months in children/adolescents)
Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages
Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviour (e.g. hand shaking/waving, body rocking, head banging, self-biting, hitting own body)
Criteria met for major or mild NCD
Persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across multiple contexts (≥3 components: social-emotional reciprocity; nonverbal communicative behaviours; developing/maintaining relationships)
Eating/feeding disturbance (apparent lack of interest; sensory-based avoidance; concern about aversive consequences) → persistent failure to meet nutritional/energy needs
Failure to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning; applies to individuals <5 years when severity cannot be reliably assessed
Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for ≥1 month
Repeated regurgitation of food for ≥1 month; regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spat out