Loading…
Perfectionism can drive achievement but may maintain anxiety, depression, shame, procrastination, avoidance, and burnout.
Reassurance seeking can soothe briefly but may maintain uncertainty intolerance, anxiety, dependency cycles, and interpersonal strain.
Worry attempts to prepare for danger but may maintain anxiety by overestimating threat and under-testing coping.
Avoidance reduces distress in the short term but commonly maintains anxiety, trauma responses, functional impairment, and interpersonal narrowing.
Splitting can simplify unbearable ambivalence but may destabilise relationships, teams, and self-experience.
Biological, social and cultural material that belongs in the formulation but is not a psychological mechanism. A factor needs case evidence before it explains anything.