Predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity/quality: ≥1 of: difficulty initiating sleep; difficulty maintaining sleep (frequent awakenings); early morning awakening with inability to return to sleep
Cessation or reduction of heavy/prolonged alcohol use
≥3 of the following within days of stopping/reducing an antidepressant (after ≥1 month use): FINISH symptoms — flu-like; insomnia; nausea; imbalance; sensory disturbances; hyperarousal/anxiety
Persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption primarily due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between endogenous circadian rhythm and sleep-wake schedule
Intoxication: recent opioid use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after heavy prolonged use, or administration of opioid antagonist
Depressed mood most of the day, more days than not, for ≥2 years (≥1 yr children/adolescents)
≥5 symptoms in final week before menses, improve within days of onset, become minimal/absent post-menses
Intoxication: recent sedative/hypnotic/anxiolytic use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after prolonged heavy use
Intoxication: recent stimulant use; Withdrawal: cessation/reduction after prolonged heavy use
Evidence by polysomnography of ≥5 obstructive apnoeas/hypopnoeas per hour of sleep + ≥1 of: nocturnal breathing disturbances (snoring, snorting, gasping, breathing pauses); daytime sleepiness/fatigue/unrefreshing sleep not explained by another disorder; OR ≥15 obstructive apnoeas/hypopnoeas per hour of sleep regardless of accompanying symptoms